Muslim world is blessed with many natural resources. If we look at the Muslim world, we see the Middle Eastern area, which is full of oil and gold. More than half of the world’s oil is lying in Middle East. Apart from that, Southeast Asians countries have their own potentials and central Asian countries have overwhelming oil and gas reserves. Central Asians countries are also very important strategically. Pakistan, one of the most important and potential regions with majority of Muslim population holds a wealth of minerals and natural resources. Her geo strategic importance is not to be denied.
The western world is completely industrialized and their need of workforce and fuel increases their interest and compels them to look up to these Muslim dominating countries. At this point, the Muslim world with its large reserves of oil and very big population are in focus. Muslim countries are almost sole providers of oil to west but unfortunately, they share no or very little power and influence in the international affairs. Although, they can put the whole industrialized world to a halt, jeopardize their very soul of business, and destroy their spirit of economy by putting a ban on sale and distribution of fuel as well as labor or workforce. History is witness to that and everyone knows what happened in 1973. But, it is not the desirable notion and solution. Major point of discussion here is only that the Muslim world has never used their strength and force to prevent and promote deterrence purposes. The fault is not in the public but unfortunately, the leaders who are corrupt, lack ethics and have weak belief in Divine system. the list includes famous politicians, scholars and bureaucrats and so on.
The concept of ummah (nation in extended sense) is also an asset, apart from all the material that Muslims hold yet they have been unable to keep a hold on that too. The segregation and discrimination among Muslims on the basis of area, color, cast, sect, creed and race has been one of the greatest deteriorating factors and these concepts have killed the sense of unity among Muslims. Unity and brotherhood could have been a huge asset to hold a say in international world order.
All the countries, which are geo-strategically important like Pakistan and Afghanistan, have also failed to hold their positions up and most of these problems are due to lack of education as well as divergence from their own religion and cultures. No religion and culture teaches corruption and disloyalty. Divergence from religion, lack of education, undemocratic state systems, lack of adaptations and a missing sense of one nation has resulted in mismanagement of vital resources that Muslim world holds and has resulted in vehement degradation of Muslims as a nation.
Today’s modern world has a confused society possessing a huge number of problems regarding mental peace, social disorders, economic problems, etc. The young generation is also facing uncertainty about themselves. Committing a suicide has become the order of the day.
Values, norms, ethics, etc. make the society civilized and not only teach but polish the members of a society. These values can solve the problems of any society of any age. Values change by the change in the philosophy, ideology, culture, tradition, religion, etc. But the most important and influential factor from all of these is the religion as it covers and administers rest of all the factors as well as modern and imminent problems of the modern world.
Islam is the sole and most impressive religion of all the religions for it covers all the problems regarding not only to the ancient world but also to the modern world. One of the main causes of the modern age is the lack of trust among the human-beings which led them to harassment, and it deteriorated the peace of mind of the man. When one talks about Islamic values and modern times, one should be clear that Islam teaches human rights. In this regard, some of the human rights are given below.
The safety of honor
Security of private life
The right for disapproval against despotism
Freedom of declaration
Safety of religious attitude
Safety against reckless confinement
Clemency
Similarly, Islam teaches a strong moral system. Besides, the human rights Islam provides a very powerful moral system. In this regard, there are four directions for its devotees:
Sincere and true faith
Sincerity and true faith should be shown in charity
Good citizenship and supporting association
Firmness and Steadfastness in all situations
The above mentioned criterion is necessary to judge a particular conduct whether it is good or bad. It is significant to consider while talking about Islamic Values and modern times. Moral system of Islam also comprises of some of the following norms:
God-perception
Social obligation
Belief in the Day of Judgment
Faith of Heaven and Hell
Islamic values are definitely human problem solving as well as the blessings of God. The people of modern times can find solution of their problems in Islamic values at any rate. Therefore Islamic values and modern times have a very significant relationship.
Laws are the norms for a society and they are established to create a harmony and compatibility among the individuals, their deeds and their societies. They also develop the awareness among the masses of the consequences of their deeds. Laws can be of different natures and origins i.e. social, political, religious, etc. But religious laws are created and revealed by God that has no discrepancies.
Islam established its own laws and has the capability to cover all the fields and issues of modern society as Islam is the religion revealed purely by God. There are numerous Islamic laws but some of the conspicuous laws are mentioned as under:
Taqlid (Pursuing a Mujtahid or Jurist):
Taqlid refers to obeying a Mujtahid (Jurist) for the essentials of the doctrine for a Mujtahid can extract religious logic from Qur’an and Sunnah.
Taharat:
Taharat refers to the specific sort of cleanliness. The Muslims are ordered to keep themselves clean apparently as well as in the hidden state of mind and body. Some of the important aspects of Taharat are: water, Najis things, Wudhu, Ghusl, Tayammum, blood, etc.
Namaz (Prayer):
Namaz refers to a particular type of worship. The Muslims have to follow a particular method to offer it according to the order of God as well as the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaho Alaihe Wasallam). Some of the important aspects of laws regarding Namaz are: Obligatory Daily Namaz, timings, Nafal, Mustahab, Qibla, conditions for prayer, etc.
Fasting:
Fasting refers to make one’s own self away from eating, drinking, sexual intercourse, within a specific period of time for one month. Some of the necessary aspects regarding Fasting are: Vomiting, Haram and Makrooh conditions, Dust reaching to throat, etc.
No doubt, this is a very limited discussion on Islamic laws yet one can grasp the need and importance of these Islamic laws in the modern society. The Islamic laws have been implemented successfully in the modern society. The modern society needs their implementation even more and extremely as there are more problems in the modern society than the ancient society.
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First it is clear that science without religion is lame. This were the words of the famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner; Albert Einstein. It is therefore prudent to analyze the Quraan to find out whether it is compatible or incompatible to modern science. The Quraan is a book with several signs (more than 6000) of which more than a thousand deals with science.
Astronomy is widely covered by the Quran. Firstly, the creation of the universe by the “Big Bang “theory is captured in Al-Quran 21:30. The Big Bang theory is widely explained by the astrophysicists and supported by observational and data from experiments gathered by the astronomers and astrophysicists for several decades. There is a great congruence between the Quraanic verse and the Big Bang theory since the Quraan was a book written about 1400 years ago in the deserts of Arabia
Al-Quraan 41:11 also explains the formation of galaxies from a celestial matter that was in form of a gas. This implies huge gaseous matter were present prior to the formation of the galaxies. The word smoke is used in the Quraan to replace smoke.
The spherical shape of the earth is widely captured in the verse 31:29. From history it is documented that Sir Francis Drake was the first person who discovered that the earth is spherical when he did sail around it in 1597. The Quraan verse confirms this by quoting that God merges night into daylight and daylight into night. This brings out the aspect of the rotation of the earth which is a confirmation of the fact that the earth is a spherical body. This is also confirmed in verse 39:5 of the Al-Quraan. In verse 79:30 the Al-Quraan confirms that the earth was made in an egg-shape implying that it is spherical which a true confirmation of the modern scientific facts is.
The fact that the light of the moon is a reflected light is also captured in the verse 25:61 of the Al-Quraan. Science stated that the moonlight is reflected light. This is affirmed in Quraan where the constellations in the skies are mentioned alongside a lamp and a moon giving light. The fact was mentioned 1400 years ago: a proof of compatibility of the book and modern scientific facts. This is also brought out in the verse 71:15-16.
The verse 21:33 proves the fact that the earth and other bodies rotate around the sun in their own orbits as confirmed by the modern science. The rotation of the sun around its own axis is equally brought out. The sun usually have a circular motion once every 25 days that is to say the sun takes about 25 days to move around its own axis. The verse 36:40 also confirms this fact. The verse mentions the existence of the individual orbits of the sun and the moon and their motion within the space.
The Quraan also mentions facts captured in modern science in physics such as the existence of subatomic particles. In Geography aspects such as the water cycle which is usually explained in modern physics is explained. The fact that wind impregnates clouds is also highlighted in Quraan.
Geological facts such as mountains are fixed are also brought out in the book. Facts such as existence of barriers between sweet and salt waters and the existence of darkness in the depths of the depths of the ocean are some of the Oceanological facts highlighted in the Quraan. The book also covers other areas of modern science such as medicine, biology, zoology, botany, physiology, embryology among others and shows a highly degree of compatibility of the facts highlighted with the various disciplines of modern science.
Information on embryology and human reproduction & development are spread all over the Quraan. Most of the verses on the subject had not been expounded on. In the recent past a lot of emphasis has been put to appreciate the verses fully. Due to lack of proper scientific awareness, improper translations & commentaries it had been extremely difficult to interprate the verses. The urge to get information on embryology began long ago during the times of prophet Muhammad when questions were asked extensively on the verses relating to human production and embryology. The Hadith literature is used as the basis of answers of the Apostle.
Different Islamic scholars have done several translations of some of the verses in the Quraan touching on this subject matter. Sheikh Abdul Majid Zendani, a great professor of Islamic studies in one of the leading universities in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) is one of such scholars. He translated the statement from Sura 39:6.
Information on illustration of foetus development in the womb is equally documented to have been drawn by Leonardo da Vinci in the 15th Century. It is also documented that Galen described the placenta and the development of foetus in one of his books called On the Formation of the Foetus. This was done far much earlier in the 2th century AD.
It is also well recorded in history that doctors in the 7th century A.D. knew very well that the foetus developed in the womb. Earlier explanations of the same had been provided by Aristotle in the 4th century B.C. Details into the development of the foetus was given far much later in the 15th century from the records available. However, more was discovered upon the discovery of the microscope in the 17th century by Leeuwenhoek. This made it easier to provide clear descriptions on the early stages of development of the foetus. Final descriptive explanations came in 1941 when Streeter developed the first system of staging. The most comprehensive explanation was given by O’Rahilly in 1972: he described the three stages of human development as to be confined to the anterior abdominal wall, uterine wall and then the amniochorionic membrane.
Sura 23:13 is equally a verse on the human development and embryology. It focuses on the zygote which later splits to form a blastocyst which then implanted in the uterus where it develops into a human being. Sura 23:14 is equally interpreted and is another important verse on the subject matter. It describes the human embryo from the days 7-24 when it usually clings to the endometrium of the uterus. The Sura describes in details the development of the foetus as compared to the verses.
Sura 32:9 describes the development the human senses. It describes the development in a certain order i.e. the appearance of the appearance of the primordial of the internal ears first followed by the eyes and lastly the brain differentiates.
Sura 22:5 illustrates that the embryo is mainly composed of differentiated and undifferentiated tissues. The tissues described are the mesechyme and the cartilage bones. The mesechyme usually differentiates later into the muscles and ligaments. The verse also acknowledges the fact that God determines which embryo would stay in the uterus till full term and whether it will be a boy or a girl.
The science of modern embryology has facilitated to a great extent the understanding of the verses in the Quraan on embryology and human development. The science has afforded many followers of prophet Muhammad a new understanding of the subject matter.
FULL – Dr. Zakir Naik The Quran and the Bible in the Light of Science vs Dr William Campbell – Chicago, April1, 2000. Organized by the Islamic circle of north america ICNA.
From the beginning of 8th century Muslim scientists were made a great improvement in different sectors of science in different times. They had done a great advancement in almost all the sectors of science but mostly in medical science, physics, and mathematics.
Many of Muslim scientist made laws and process are using in current world also. There are a great number of Muslim scientist have a great contribution in modern science, so it is really hard to say a particular name of Muslim scientist who great contribution in science.
Now, when we are going to discuss about the contribution of Muslim scientists then at first we need to tell the name of Kharazmi. He is a Persian mathematics, who made a revolution in math. He changed the concepts of algebra and introduced us with rational and irrational numbers; he also made a great change in Calculus. The name of Mansur also comes in front, whose invention helps the world to make better musical instrument.
Al-kindi is another greatest scientist, who has great contribution in physics. He did a great improvement in optics. Al-Zahir also made a great improvement in anatomy science. Omar Khayyam, Al Ghazali, Al Biruni are also some greatest scientist who has a great contribution in modern science.
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